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2023
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What is a car wiring harness
Car wiring harnesses are the main network of car circuits, and without wiring harnesses, there would be no car circuit. At present, whether it is a high-end luxury car or an economy ordinary car, the form of simple wiring harness or complex wiring harness is generally similar, consisting of wires, connectors, protective sleeves, and positioning components.
They play a role in connecting and supplying power, ensuring the normal operation of vehicles and the normal operation of various electronic devices. The functions of car wiring harnesses are diverse, and first of all, they serve to connect electrical equipment. In the engine compartment of a car, various sensors, motors, and electronic control modules need to be connected through wiring harnesses to achieve information transmission and interaction.
Secondly, the wiring harness is also responsible for transmitting power signals and providing power support for various systems, such as ignition systems, lighting systems, air conditioning systems, etc. Most importantly, the wiring harness can also prevent damage to the wires due to factors such as friction, vibration, or moisture, improving the stability and safety of the entire vehicle.
The main color of the wiring harness corresponding to each circuit system in the car:
Power circuit: red (code R)
Ignition and starting circuit: white (code W)
External lighting circuits such as headlights and fog lights: blue (code Br)
Light signal circuit: green (code G)
Anti fog lamp and interior lighting circuit of the vehicle body: yellow (code Y)
Instrument, alarm device, and horn circuit: brown (code BR)
Circuit of auxiliary devices such as radio, electric clock, cigarette lighter, etc.: purple (code V)
Various auxiliary motors and electrical control devices: gray (code GR)
Ground wire: black (code B)
Classification of wires
Low voltage wire: ① Ordinary low voltage wire ② Starting cable: Low voltage, high current (300A-1000A) ③ Battery grounding cable: Soft copper wire woven from copper wire
High voltage wire: ① Ignition wire: High voltage, low current, thick insulation layer, good voltage resistance, and small cross-sectional area of the wire core.
Shielded wire: ① Shielded wire is a transmission line that uses a mesh braided wire to wrap the signal wire.
② Weak signal sensors should use shielded wires, such as sensors in the electronic injection system, CAN circuits, and wheel speed sensors in ABS; The SPEAKER circuit of the radio, relevant sensors in the airbags (such as collision sensors), etc.
Rules for selecting wires:
It should be determined based on the insulation degree of the wire, the maximum current passing through, and the required mechanical strength.
Electrical equipment that works for a short period of time can use wires with actual current carrying capacity between 60% -100%; Electrical equipment that works for a long time can use wires with an actual current carrying capacity of 60%.
The automotive electrical system belongs to low-voltage power supply, and the high working current results in a relatively high voltage loss. Excessive voltage loss may affect the normal operation of electrical equipment. Therefore, when selecting the wire cross-section, it is necessary to ensure that the voltage loss does not exceed a certain value: 0.5V for 12V systems and 1.0V for 24V systems. The actual working current of the wire is not allowed to exceed the allowable current carrying capacity of the wire.
Under the conditions that both of the first two items are met, the mechanical strength of the wire should also be considered. The minimum cross-sectional distance of the low-voltage line shall not be less than 0.5 mm square;
The high-voltage line mainly considers the withstand voltage value and core resistance (6K Ω -25K Ω/m)
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Hubei Yongrui specializes in the design, development, production, sales and service of connection harnesses (inside and outside the machine), power cords and new energy harnesses as one of the manufacturing enterprises!
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